The hierarchical structure of biological composites has inspired scientists to develop high-performance materials with superior properties and functionalities. 5, 6 Therefore, there is a need for an effective alternative strategy to boost the mechanical properties of synthetic CaP materials in a way to broaden their application in the areas of repair of multiple fractures of long bones, or vertebral body substitution. Progress to reinforce their mechanical properties through incorporation of high-strength materials in the CaP matrix has been incremental. 4 However, the application of conventional CaP materials as hard tissue substitutes has been largely restricted by their brittleness and low strength. For example, nanostructured CaP materials have been used in biomedical products such as scaffolds for bone regrowth, 1 bioactive coatings and composites, 2 carriers for drug delivery, 3 and bioactive fillers for the occlusion of exposed dentin tubules. Our study introduces a biomimetic approach that may be practical for the design of advanced, mechanically robust materials for biomedical applications.Ĭalcium phosphates (CaP) are important biomaterials in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery, because of their low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. The organized structures and composite feature yielded CaP materials with improved mechanical properties close to those of bone. On the large-scale level, these plates with different crystal orientations were stacked together to form a layered structure. On the nanoscale, needlelike HAp crystallites assembled into organized bundles that aligned to form highly oriented plates on the microscale. Using the layered monetite-chitosan composite as a precursor, we were able to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) with multiscale hierarchically ordered structure via a topotactic phase transformation process. Inspired by the formation of lamellar structure in nacre, we designed an organic matrix composed of chitosan and cis-butenediolic acid (maleic acid, MAc) that could assemble into a layered complex and further guide the mineralization of monetite crystals, resulting in the formation of organized and parallel arrays of monetite platelets with a brick-and-mortar structure.
![ksp mac g force ksp mac g force](https://www.hcl.hr/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/geforce-1080-video.jpg)
![ksp mac g force ksp mac g force](https://i.gyazo.com/4d9b0e652bbf5db06c02d968975df4ad.png)
However, synthesis of CaP materials with outstanding mechanical properties still remains an ongoing challenge.
![ksp mac g force ksp mac g force](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/uRNeK76Ozqo/hqdefault.jpg)
Bioinspired synthesis of hierarchically structured calcium phosphate (CaP) material is a highly promising strategy for developing improved bone substitute materials.